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Writer's pictureEfthimios Sifounios

Early years of Pythagoras

Updated: Jan 28, 2023

Pythagoras was born on the island of Samos, Greece in 570 BC. Not much is known about his early years, but it is believed that he was the son of a wealthy merchant. He is said to have traveled to Egypt and Babylon to study mathematics and philosophy before returning to Samos and opening a school. He later moved to Croton, a Greek colony in southern Italy, where he founded a religious community known as the Pythagoreans.



Early years of Pythagoras
Early years of Pythagoras


Pythagoras is considered one of the most influential figures in the development of mathematics and philosophy in ancient Greece. He is known for his contributions to number theory, geometry, and the philosophy of mathematics. He is also credited with being the first to call himself a "philosopher," or "lover of wisdom." Pythagoras is said to have studied in Egypt, where he learned about mathematics and astronomy, and in Babylon, where he studied the principles of geometry. He is also said to have studied with the philosopher Pherecydes of Syros. When he returned to Samos, he opened a school where he taught mathematics, music, and philosophy. He later moved to Croton, in southern Italy, and founded a religious community known as the Pythagoreans. This community, which was more of a secret society, was dedicated to studying mathematics, philosophy, and the natural world. Pythagoras and his followers believed that everything in the universe could be explained in terms of numbers, and they developed a number-based system of thought that they called "philosophy." They also believed in the transmigration of souls, and in the importance of leading a virtuous life. Pythagoras's ideas and teachings had a profound impact on the development of mathematics and philosophy in ancient Greece, and they continue to be studied and debated by scholars today.


Pythagoras and his family.


Pythagoras was born on the island of Samos, Greece in 570 BC. He was the son of a wealthy merchant named Mnesarchus. Not much is known about his childhood and upbringing, but it is believed that he received a good education and was exposed to various philosophical and mathematical ideas from a young age. Pythagoras is said to have traveled to Egypt and Babylon to study mathematics and philosophy before returning to Samos and opening a school. He later moved to Croton, a Greek colony in southern Italy, where he founded a religious community known as the Pythagoreans. Pythagoras married Theano, who was also a member of the Pythagorean community. Theano is known to have been a philosopher and mathematician in her own right, and it is believed that she played a significant role in the development and dissemination of Pythagorean ideas. Together they had several children. Pythagoras's ideas and teachings had a profound impact on the development of mathematics and philosophy in ancient Greece, and they continue to be studied and debated by scholars today. Pythagoras died in 495 BC in Metapontum, Italy. The exact cause of his death is not known. After his death, his followers continued to spread his teachings and developed a number-based system of thought that they called "philosophy." It is also believed that Pythagoras had a brother named Telauges, who was also a philosopher and mathematician, but not much is known about him.



Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans, believed in the concept of "metempsychosis", or the transmigration of souls, which holds that the soul is immortal and moves from one body to another after death. They believed that the soul could be reincarnated in a human, animal, or even inanimate form, depending on how the individual lived their life. This belief led to the Pythagoreans living a highly ethical and virtuous lifestyle, as they believed that living a virtuous life would lead to a better reincarnation. Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans also believed in the concept of "harmony of the spheres" which holds that the movement of celestial bodies creates a kind of music, which can be heard by the soul. They also believed that the universe was made up of numbers and that numbers were the fundamental building blocks of all things. This led to the development of number theory and mathematical concepts such as the Pythagorean theorem, which states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides. The Pythagorean community was a secretive one, and much of what is known about their beliefs and practices comes from accounts written by others. They had an oath of secrecy, and the members were not allowed to write down their teachings, which were passed on orally. Pythagoras's ideas and teachings had a profound impact on the development of mathematics and philosophy in ancient Greece, and they continue to be studied and debated by scholars today. He is considered one of the most influential figures in the history of mathematics and philosophy.

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